Modified Newtonian Dynamics and galaxy clusters.

In a sample of 106 X-ray–mapped galaxy clusters, MOND requires a residual “missing” mass that is most centrally concentrated in cool-core clusters, peaking near a core radius of 20–30 kpc.

• Why it matters: MOND matches galactic rotation curves but struggles to explain galaxy-cluster equilibrium without additional mass, especially amid ongoing dark-matter particle nondetections and CDM tensions.
• What they did: The authors estimated total Newtonian mass from hot intracluster gas under hydrostatic equilibrium and spherical symmetry, then used the MOND modified Poisson equation to reconstruct the spatial distribution of the missing component.
• The result: MOND lowers the needed dynamical mass by a factor of 4 to 10, and the remaining missing mass scales with total gas mass, being roughly twice lower.

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