Papaver self-incompatibility is controlled by two multiallelic idiomorphs.

In Papaver rhoeas, self-incompatibility can be governed by an alternative S-gene pair—SOPT and SGRP—when the usual PrpS–PrsS determinants are absent.

• Why it matters: The SI system relies on highly polymorphic S-locus recognition, but many S haplotypes lacked the previously identified PrpS–PrsS pair, leaving the genetic basis incomplete.
• What they did: The study identified SOPT and SGRP as segregating S-locus genes in haplotypes lacking PrpS–PrsS, then tested their function by heterologous expression in Arabidopsis thaliana.
• The result: SOPT and SGRP showed hallmark S determinant features and conferred SI in Arabidopsis thaliana, indicating a dual-idiomorph genetic basis for polymorphism in Papaver rhoeas.

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