Reduced serum carboxymethyllysine is independently associated with Alzheimer's disease

Reduced serum Nε-(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML) is independently associated with clinically diagnosed Alzheimer’s disease, with median levels of 15.26 vs 23.72 ng/mL in cases versus controls.

• Why it matters: Advanced glycation end products accumulate in Alzheimer’s disease brain, but whether circulating CML meaningfully tracks AD risk and adds diagnostic information is unclear.
• What they did: In an observational case-control study of 101 AD patients and 91 healthy controls, serum CML was quantified and tested with multivariable logistic regression and ROC analyses, including a biomarker subcohort.
• The result: Each 1-ng/mL higher CML was linked to lower odds of AD (adjusted odds ratio 0.727, 95% CI 0.656–0.804), with CML alone reaching AUC 0.883 and improving discrimination when combined with p-tau217 (AUC 0.966, n=60).

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