SHARED GENETIC ARCHITECTURE AND DIRECTIONAL ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY AND BORDERLINE PERSONALITY DISORDERS: AN INTEGRATIVE GENOMIC ANALYSIS

ADHD and borderline personality disorder share extensive genetic susceptibility, with genetic correlation r_g = 0.733 and 48 shared loci, including 36 with consistent effect directions.

• Why it matters: Co-occurrence is common, but it is unclear whether overlap reflects shared susceptibility, directional genetic influence, or pleiotropy.
• What they did: Using European-ancestry GWAS summary statistics, the study applied LD score regression, conjFDR, bidirectional Mendelian randomization (IVW), MR-LAP, CAUSE, colocalization, and SuSiE fine-mapping.
• The result: ADHD-to-BPD showed a positive MR association (22 instruments; IVW-beta = 0.487, SE = 0.082, p = 3.27 x 10^-9) and CAUSE favored directionality (Delta ELPD = 6.98; p = 7.3 x 10^-8), while BPD-to-ADHD was also positive but more heterogeneous.

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