Characterization of Lactobacillus rhamnosus-Derived Extracellular Vesicles and Their Cellular Cytoprotective Effects Against Trimethylamine-Induced Oxidative Stress in Caco-2 Cells

Lr-EVs at 100–300 g/mL counteracted 20 mM TMA–induced injury in human Caco-2 cells, restoring viability up to 172% while reducing ROS and ZO-1 disruption.

• Why it matters: TMA is converted by gut microbiota and then oxidized to TMAO, but how TMA directly harms intestinal epithelial cells is not well defined.
• What they did: The study isolated extracellular vesicles from Lactobacillus rhamnosus and tested them in Caco-2 cells exposed to 20 mM TMA, measuring viability, ROS, tight junction integrity, and IL-1{beta}/SIRT1/mitochondrial gene transcripts.
• The result: Lr-EVs suppressed IL-1{beta} upregulation, restored SIRT1 expression, stabilized ND6, CYTB, CO1, and ATP6 transcript levels, and showed radical scavenging in ABTS and DPPH assays, supporting further EV-based functional ingredient research.

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