CO2-concentrating nanoparticles drive progressive photosynthetic and cell-wall remodelling in Arabidopsis thaliana cells

Successive exposure of Arabidopsis thaliana suspension cells to chitosan-modified polyethyleneimine (gPEI-Chi) nanoparticles progressively remodels photosynthesis and cell-wall structure, yielding more cohesive multicellular aggregates.

• Why it matters: Nanomaterial engineering in proliferating plant cell populations is underexplored, limiting biohybrid approaches that coordinate synthetic function with evolving physiology and biomass organization.
• What they did: The study combined photosynthetically active Arabidopsis thaliana suspension cells with synthetic CO2-concentrating gPEI-Chi nanoparticles, supplying fresh particles at each subculture to functionalize newly generated populations.
• The result: Nanoparticle functionalization reduced net headspace CO2 accumulation, increased chlorophyll content, and triggered stage-dependent reorganization of carbon-handling and photosynthetic pathways alongside progressive cell-wall remodelling and aggregate cohesion.

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