Characterising cortical perturbation-recovery dynamics using TMS-EEG: The Brain Dynamic Toolbox

In 16 healthy adults, long-interval intracortical inhibition (LICI) changed TMS-EEG perturbation-recovery dynamics in bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, with PILI and ACFW distinguishing conditions.

• Why it matters: Discrete early TMS-EEG measures may miss features of how cortex recovers after inhibition, limiting characterization of perturbation-recovery dynamics.
• What they did: Single- and paired-pulse LICI TMS-EEG were re-analysed using the Brain Dynamic Metric Toolbox on 20 frontocentral channels from 50–950 ms, extracting PILI, ACFW, and Lyapunov Exponent, then testing temporal/spectral/time-frequency effects with linear mixed-effects models.
• The result: LICI altered temporal evolution: PILI separated conditions in the earliest post-stimulation window before converging, ACFW differences persisted across a broader early interval, spectral effects were strongest for ACFW, and time-frequency effects appeared later and frequency-specific for PILI and ACFW but not Lyapunov Exponent.

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