Accelerating commercialization and deployment of indoor photovoltaics.

Indoor photovoltaics are advancing, but deployable performance hinges on design principles that address low-light bottlenecks and scale-up constraints across perovskite, organic, amorphous-silicon, III-V, and dye-sensitized technologies.

• Why it matters: Battery replacement and servicing demands make indoor energy harvesting urgent, yet lab-optimized cells often fail to translate under real indoor spectra and illuminance, especially during module scale-up.
• What they did: This Review synthesizes recent progress across multiple indoor PV material classes, focusing on low-light effects on absorber choice, non-radiative voltage losses, and module design tradeoffs, and it discusses credible cross-technology benchmarking practices.
• The result: The framework links delivered and retained power to manufacturability, product integration, power-management needs, and chemical/regulatory constraints, guiding evaluation toward reliable, visually adaptable built-environment deployments.

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