Advances in the management of renal cell carcinoma.

Adjuvant pembrolizumab improves disease-free and overall survival in high risk clear cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC), supporting better outcomes after treatment.

• Why it matters: Despite advances in diagnosis and therapy, primary and secondary resistance and the lack of predictive and prognostic biomarkers remain major challenges in RCC management.
• What they did: The review outlines current RCC diagnosis using cross-sectional imaging (computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging) and selective biopsy, with nephrectomy as standard for localized disease.
• The result: Immune checkpoint inhibitor–based combinations in metastatic RCC have extended overall survival and can produce durable responses in some patients, while resistance and biomarker gaps persist.