Infants respond to alterations in their own voice months before they recognize themselves in the mirror.

Five-month-old infants perceive and correct upward transpositions of the fundamental frequency (f0) of their own voice, despite being unable to recognize themselves in the mirror.

• Why it matters: Body ownership requires correcting mismatches between predicted and perceived self-related sensorimotor inputs, but evidence has mostly relied on mirror self-recognition, which typically emerges after 18 months.
• What they did: Using an altered auditory feedback paradigm, the study tested 5-month-old infants’ responses to upward f0 transpositions and whether they compensate to restore predicted–perceived alignment.
• The result: Infants’ compensatory behavior suggests that hearing self-generated vocalizations supports learning about voice identity months before visual self-recognition, potentially relevant for speech acquisition.