Oligodendrocytes in central nervous system health and disease.

Oligodendrocytes actively support CNS function and contribute to disease, with their heterogeneity influencing roles across development, aging, and pathology.

• Why it matters: Understanding oligodendrocyte functions and dysfunctions is crucial because they are vital for neural signaling and can become pathogenic, impacting neurological health and disease treatment.
• What they did: The review synthesizes recent advances in oligodendrocyte biology, including their development, adaptive myelination, and roles in aging and disease, highlighting their heterogeneity and therapeutic potential.
• The result: This knowledge paves the way for targeted therapies that address oligodendrocyte dysfunctions, offering new avenues for treating CNS disorders and improving neural repair strategies.