Omics approaches to unveil biotic stress responses in olive: current knowledge and the future.

Omics approaches reveal that olive defense against biotic stress involves coordinated transcriptional reprogramming, hormone crosstalk, metabolic remodeling, and structural barriers within a multilayered immune framework.

• Why it matters: Understanding olive immune responses is vital for developing durable disease management strategies amid increasing pathogen pressures, yet current research is limited by narrow focus and incomplete data.
• What they did: The review synthesizes genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, microbiomic, and metabolomic studies, highlighting the need for integrative, systems-level multi-omics approaches to overcome existing limitations.
• The result: Integrating multilayered omics with functional genomics and pan-genomics is essential for translating molecular insights into resilient cultivars and sustainable disease management, guiding future research priorities.