The interplay between the microbiome and immune cells in metabolic homeostasis and disease.

Microbiome-derived metabolites modulate immune cells through molecular pathways, influencing metabolic health or chronic inflammation linked to cardiometabolic diseases.

• Why it matters: Understanding how microbiome signals affect immune and metabolic functions is crucial for developing targeted therapies for obesity, diabetes, liver disease, and cardiovascular conditions.
• What they did: The review discusses bioactive metabolites like short-chain fatty acids and bile acids, their molecular effects on immune cells, and innovative research methods such as spatial and single-cell multi-omics.
• The result: Advancing knowledge of immune-microbiome-metabolic interactions may enable personalized microbiome-based interventions, including nutrition, probiotics, and metabolite therapies, to prevent or treat cardiometabolic diseases.