Live attenuated YFV-17D vaccine induces robust B and T cell immunity in vaccine-draining lymph nodes

Primary YFV-17D vaccination in humans drives robust germinal center B and T cell responses in vaccine-draining lymph nodes, supporting maturation of envelope (E)-specific antibodies.

• Why it matters: The germinal center processes that generate durable neutralising antibody protection after YFV-17D are not well defined in humans.
• What they did: Using fine needle biopsy of draining lymph nodes after primary YFV-17D immunisation, the study tracked B and T cell dynamics and antibody specificity over time, including IgM early and later E-specific memory B cells and anti-viral IgG.
• The result: GC-derived monoclonal antibodies from lymph node B cells showed E specificity with diversification linked to increased binding and neutralising potency, and a conserved GC program was also seen after SARS-CoV-2 mRNA/LNP and seasonal influenza vaccination.

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