Technology solutions for immune loci: integrated high-resolution KIR genotyping reveals allelic, structural, and KIR-HLA diversity across 24 human populations

Integrated ScisGo-KIR-v3 short-read genotyping achieved 98.6% automated copy-number concordance and 92.8% combined copy-number/allele concordance versus phased PacBio KIR sequences.

• Why it matters: Routine KIR typing is often limited to gene presence/absence, leaving allele, structural, and receptor–ligand configurations—and their population differences—insufficiently resolved for immunogenetic research.
• What they did: The system combined a four-reaction, two-stage multiplex PCR assay, cloud-based copy-aware allele analysis, and interactive review, applied to 2,298 1000 Genomes Project individuals with matched high-resolution HLA class I genotypes.
• The result: In 1,401 KIR3DL1/HLA-B Bw4 co-carriers, 57 lacked an ordinary-surface-expression allele, and in 1,175 KIR2DS4 co-carriers, 457 carried only truncated receptor forms; population analyses showed motif-level structural resolution without preferential KIR–HLA genetic association after correction.