Macrophage- or neutrophil-expressed UPP1 drives tumor growth and immune suppression in the tumor microenvironment.

UPP1 expression in tumor-associated macrophages and neutrophils predicts poor prognosis and immunotherapy resistance across multiple cancers.

• Why it matters: Understanding the role of nonmalignant immune cells in the tumor microenvironment is crucial for improving immunotherapy outcomes, as their functions can promote tumor growth and immune suppression.
• What they did: The study conducted a pan-cancer single-cell transcriptomic analysis revealing high UPP1 expression in TAMs and TANs, and investigated its regulation by NF-κB signaling through functional and in vivo experiments.
• The result: Targeting UPP1 in macrophages or neutrophils reprograms the immune landscape and inhibits tumor progression, highlighting UPP1 as a promising therapeutic target to boost antitumor immunity.