Immune biomarkers of response and resistance to ipilimumab and nivolumab in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer.

The combination of ipilimumab 1 mg/kg plus nivolumab 360 mg achieves a 33% 6-month disease control rate in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer.

• Why it matters: Limited efficacy of immune checkpoint therapies in mCRPC underscores the need for biomarkers and optimized dosing strategies to improve patient outcomes.
• What they did: The study evaluated three dosing regimens of ipilimumab plus nivolumab in 32 patients, measuring disease control rate and tumoral CD8 percentage, and analyzed gene expression signatures.
• The result: I1+N360 showed comparable disease control and immune activation with a better safety profile, while early progression correlated with increased TREM2-associated myeloid gene expression, enriched in independent datasets.