Comparative population genomics reveals evolutionary potential and conservation priorities in three Procapra species.

Genetic diversity and inbreeding levels in three Procapra species are shaped more by demographic history than current population size, affecting their conservation needs.

• Why it matters: Understanding how past population dynamics influence genetic health is crucial for effective conservation strategies, especially for species with declining habitats and populations.
• What they did: Whole-genome resequencing of 93 individuals across three Procapra species revealed differences in genetic diversity, inbreeding, and demographic history, despite similar or varying population sizes.
• The result: Findings indicate that Przewalski's gazelle faces urgent conservation to prevent further genetic erosion, emphasizing the need to consider demographic history alongside population size in conservation planning.