Oxygen vs Air at Birth for Moderate- to Late-Preterm Infants: The AIROPLANE Cluster Randomized Crossover Trial.

Starting resuscitation with Fio2 0.30 versus 0.21 shows no difference in ongoing respiratory support at 32 to 35 weeks' gestation, with about 73% of neonates requiring support in both groups.

• Why it matters: Determining the optimal initial oxygen level for preterm infants is crucial to improve outcomes and minimize unnecessary oxygen exposure during delivery room resuscitation.
• What they did: A cluster randomized crossover trial involving 1818 neonates compared initial Fio2 of 0.30 versus 0.21, assessing respiratory support when leaving the delivery room and secondary outcomes.
• The result: No significant difference was found in the primary outcome between groups, but Fio2 0.30 was associated with less use of higher-level support and fewer cases of endotracheal ventilation beyond the delivery room.