Systemic therapy of biliary tract cancer: The road to personalised strategies.

Targeted therapies have significantly improved outcomes for specific subgroups of biliary tract cancer, with FGFR2 fusions and IDH1 mutations showing notable response rates.

• Why it matters: Biliary tract cancers have poor prognoses, and current treatments lack personalization, highlighting the need for tailored approaches to improve survival and quality of life.
• What they did: The study reviews advances in chemo-immunotherapy and precision medicine, including targeted agents like pemigatinib, futibatinib, ivosidenib, and HER2-directed therapies, alongside emerging biomarkers and trial strategies.
• The result: These developments enable more effective, individualized treatments, but challenges such as biomarker heterogeneity and resistance require improved diagnostics and innovative clinical trial designs to fully realize personalized care.