Real-time closed-loop feedback system for mouse mesoscale cortical signal and movement control.

Closed-loop neurofeedback and movement systems enable mice to modulate cortical activity and improve movement performance within days, with significant statistical support.

• Why it matters: Understanding how to effectively train neural circuits and behaviors in real-time is crucial for advancing studies in motor learning, injury recovery, and brain-machine interfaces, yet practical closed-loop systems are limited.
• What they did: The team developed an open-source system measuring mesoscale cortical activity with GCaMP6s and tracking body movements, providing auditory feedback within ~63-67 ms, and trained mice across multiple sessions with rule-specific targets.
• The result: Mice successfully modulated cortical activity and improved movement performance, with faster task execution and reduced cortical activation as they learned, demonstrating the system's potential for neural and behavioral training.