Human and mouse adrenal glands are characterized by species-specific steroidogenic states and tissue turnover.

Human and mouse adrenal glands exhibit distinct steroidogenic states and tissue turnover patterns, with humans showing age- and sex-specific differences in adrenal cell functions.

• Why it matters: Understanding species-specific adrenal mechanisms is crucial for translating animal research to human health, especially for adrenal disorders and hormone regulation.
• What they did: Using single-cell and spatial transcriptomics, the study mapped adrenal gland cell states in humans and mice, analyzing over 100,000 cells and employing lineage inference from a rare mosaic case.
• The result: Findings reveal unique human adrenal features, such as dispersed proliferating cells and capsule-to-ZG transitions, providing a framework for understanding human adrenal renewal and function.