Unveiling the Role of Extracellular Vesicles in HIV Infection: Molecular Mechanisms, Viral Persistence and Therapeutic Opportunities.

Extracellular vesicles significantly influence HIV infection, contributing to viral persistence and immune modulation, with potential for targeted therapeutic interventions.

• Why it matters: HIV remains a global health challenge due to persistent viral reservoirs and immune dysregulation, necessitating new strategies beyond antiretroviral therapy.
• What they did: The review analyzes molecular mechanisms involving EVs in HIV, focusing on host-virus interactions, immune responses, and viral latency, alongside emerging EV-targeted therapies.
• The result: Understanding EV roles offers promising avenues for innovative treatments, such as modulating EV biogenesis or using engineered EVs for drug delivery, though current limitations remain.