Group 2 innate lymphoid cells activate myelin-reactive T cells to augment neuroinflammation.

ILC2s in the dura activate myelin-reactive T cells via MHC class II, promoting neuroinflammation during EAE.

• Why it matters: Understanding how immune cells in the meninges contribute to CNS autoimmunity is crucial, as the mechanisms driving T cell activation and expansion in neuroinflammation are not well defined.
• What they did: The study used single-cell RNA sequencing and flow cytometry to analyze ILC2s in the dura of mice with EAE, revealing their expression of MHC class II and role as antigen-presenting cells that expand myelin-reactive T cells.
• The result: Genetic removal of ILC2s or H2-Ab1 in ILC2s reduced neuroinflammation and CNS demyelination, suggesting targeting ILC2s may help restrict CNS autoimmunity.