CAR-T cells and cancer nanovaccines: Comparative insights into advances and translational challenges.

CAR-T cell therapies and cancer nanovaccines show promise but face distinct translational challenges, with recent advances highlighting their potential to reshape cancer treatment.

• Why it matters: Understanding the strengths and limitations of these immunotherapies is crucial to overcoming barriers such as solid tumor targeting, safety concerns, and immune response durability, which hinder widespread clinical use.
• What they did: The review compares the mechanisms, technological features, and recent developments of CAR-T cells and nanovaccines across preclinical and clinical studies, focusing on improving efficacy and overcoming translational hurdles.
• The result: This analysis guides clinical decision-making and future research by identifying strategic directions for optimizing combination therapies, patient stratification, and overcoming key barriers to broader application.