Probiotics: From natural to artificial.

Artificial probiotics engineered through advanced biotechnologies outperform natural strains in functionality, with the potential to revolutionize gut health and disease treatment.

• Why it matters: Natural probiotics often lack sufficient stress tolerance and specificity, limiting their effectiveness; developing high-performance artificial probiotics addresses these critical gaps for better health outcomes.
• What they did: The authors review core technologies such as AI, high-throughput screening, directed evolution, and genetic editing, which enable the rational design and construction of tailored probiotic strains.
• The result: This approach facilitates applications in gut regulation, disease therapy, drug delivery, and environmental remediation, paving the way for personalized probiotics and advancing clinical and industrial use.