An EEG-fMRI Jointly Constrained Digital Twin Brain and Its Application in Alzheime's Disease

A two-stage digital twin brain jointly constrained by fMRI and EEG (TS-DTB) recapitulates subject-specific multi-scale brain dynamics in healthy young and Alzheimer's disease cohorts, including AD cognitive-decline spectral-temporal signatures.

• Why it matters: Single-modality DTB optimization limits simulation of brain dynamics across spatiotemporal scales, leaving mechanistic links between neural dynamics and cognitive deficits insufficiently modeled.
• What they did: The TS-DTB framework was validated in healthy young and Alzheimer's disease cohorts, then used to simulate repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) responses and infer excitation-inhibition (E-I) imbalance and synaptic reconfiguration.
• The result: TS-DTB models of AD patients recapitulate spectral-temporal signatures of cognitive decline and suggest a model-inferred association with simulated E-I imbalances; rTMS simulations show acute EEG normalization is computationally associated with putative E-I rebalancing via inferred synaptic reconfiguration and background suppression.