Anterior cingulate feedback facilitates rapid global context modulation in primary visual cortex.

Global context modulates primary visual cortex responses within fewer than 10 stimulus repetitions in mice, demonstrating rapid learning of learned patterns.

• Why it matters: Understanding how global context influences early sensory areas like V1 challenges the idea that only local stimulus history affects these regions, highlighting the importance of top-down feedback in sensory processing.
• What they did: Using a global/local oddball paradigm with two-photon imaging and LFP recordings in mouse V1, the study examined responses to deviant stimuli under varying global and local contexts, including predictable and unpredictable sequences.
• The result: Global predictability normalized V1 responses to deviant stimuli, with effects requiring top-down feedback from the anterior cingulate area, and stimulus-specific adaptation constrained prediction-error signals.