Dietary effects on cytosolic and mitochondrial tRNA abundance and modification patterns across mouse tissues.

Dietary interventions cause tissue-specific changes in cytosolic and mitochondrial tRNA abundance and modification patterns in mice, with notable effects on decoding efficiency.

• Why it matters: Understanding how diet influences tRNA dynamics is crucial because tRNAs regulate gene expression and protein synthesis, yet their responsiveness to nutritional cues remains poorly characterized across tissues.
• What they did: Using RNA mass spectrometry and OTTR-seq, the study profiled single-nucleotide resolution tRNA landscapes in multiple mouse tissues under low-protein and high-fat diets, revealing tissue-specific biases and diet-responsive modifications.
• The result: Findings show diet alters tRNA abundance and modifications in somatic and reproductive tissues, highlighting the tRNA epitranscriptome as a sensitive, tissue-specific sensor of nutritional state that impacts translational regulation.