Simultaneous, real-time tracking of many neuromodulatory signals with multiplexed optical recording of sensors on a micro-endoscope.

Multiplexed optical recording with a micro-endoscope enables real-time tracking of ten or more neuromodulators in brain tissue.

• Why it matters: Understanding how multiple extracellular molecules influence brain cells is limited by current methods that cannot simultaneously monitor many signals in vivo, hindering insights into complex neural regulation.
• What they did: A novel probe using spatial multiplexing of genetically encoded fluorescent sensors was developed, allowing 3D two-photon imaging of cultured cells and brain slices, with sensor identification confirmed via robotic ligand testing.
• The result: This approach successfully detected neuromodulator release and cerebrospinal fluid changes in awake mice, paving the way for high-dimensional, real-time analysis of brain extracellular chemistry.