Engineered bacterial outer membrane vesicle vaccine prevents T cell exhaustion for antibacterial immunotherapy.

Engineered OMV vaccine with nano-encapsulation prevents T cell exhaustion and reduces bacterial burden in chronic bacterial infections.

• Why it matters: Chronic infections caused by intracellular bacteria like P. gingivalis evade immune responses, highlighting the need for vaccines that enhance immune activation and safety.
• What they did: Researchers developed Porphyromonas gingivalis OMVs with a metal ion-based, acid-responsive nanoshell to improve dendritic cell uptake and promote cytosolic antigen presentation, involving 100% of tested OMVs.
• The result: The vaccine lowered bacterial load, prevented T cell exhaustion, and decreased inflammatory damage in mice, offering a promising approach for safe, effective immunotherapy against persistent bacterial infections.