Unravelling the protective mechanism: calcium alleviates nickel toxicity in maize (Zea mays) by modulating osmolytes and antioxidant systems.

Gypsum at 0.6% most effectively reduces nickel toxicity in maize by decreasing metal bioavailability and boosting plant defenses, improving growth and photosynthesis.

• Why it matters: Nickel contamination from industrial and agricultural sources hampers crop productivity and poses food security risks, highlighting the need for effective soil remediation strategies.
• What they did: The study tested lime and gypsum amendments at different calcium rates in Ni-contaminated soil, assessing their impact on Ni bioavailability, plant growth, and physiological responses in maize.
• The result: Applying 0.6% gypsum significantly lowered Ni uptake, enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities, osmolyte production, and photosynthetic performance, offering a practical, cost-effective remediation approach.